Typography is a fundamental category within graphic design that involves the art and technique of arranging and styling type to create visually appealing and effective designs. It encompasses the selection of fonts, the arrangement of text, and the use of various typographic elements to convey a message, evoke emotions, and enhance the overall visual communication.

Font design, also known as typeface design, is a specialized field within graphic design that involves the creation and crafting of letterforms, characters, and symbols to form a cohesive and visually appealing set of fonts. Font designers, often referred to as type designers, work to design typefaces that can be used for various purposes, ranging from print materials to digital interfaces.

Calligraphy is a visual art form that involves the skilled and expressive use of hand-lettering or handwriting to create aesthetically pleasing and harmonious written forms. Rooted in historical traditions and cultural practices, calligraphy has evolved into a diverse and respected art form with various styles and techniques.

Hand lettering is a unique and artistic form of lettering that involves the creation of stylized letters and words by hand, often using pens, brushes, or other writing instruments. Unlike standard typography, which relies on pre-designed fonts, hand lettering is a personalized and creative approach where each letter is carefully crafted to form a visually appealing composition.